Endometrial biopsy
An endometrial biopsy takes a tiny sample of the uterine lining (the endometrium) to look at it under a microscope. At EVE Women and Fertility Clinic in Gunjur, Bangalore, Dr. Swati Shree advises it when abnormal bleeding, a thickened lining on scan, or a suspected infection needs a firm answer, and she explains each step beforehand.
At a glance
- What it checks
thickening (hyperplasia), cancer, infection (chronic endometritis), or hormonal effects on the lining
- Method
a thin, flexible tube is passed through the cervix and a small sample is gently suctioned
- Time
about 5 to 10 minutes in the clinic
- Sensation
cramping, which usually passes within an hour
- Result
a pathology report in about a week
Who may need one
- Heavy or irregular bleeding, especially at 45 or older, or younger with risk factors such as obesity, PCOS or long gaps between periods
- Bleeding after menopause
- A thick or unusual lining on ultrasound
- Suspected chronic endometritis in some fertility settings
- Bleeding while on certain hormone treatments
What happens at EVE
Consultation and scan
Dr. Swati reviews your history and the ultrasound, and explains why a biopsy is needed.
Consent and preparation
A pregnancy test is done if pregnancy is possible. You may take a pain-relief medicine beforehand.
The procedure
A speculum is placed, the cervix is cleaned, and a thin tube takes a small sample from the lining. You may feel period-type cramps.
Afterward
You can usually return to normal activity the same day. Light spotting or cramping may last a day or two.
Results
Dr. Swati explains the report and the next steps at a follow-up visit.
Risks and limits
- Cramping and light bleeding are common
- Infection and uterine injury are uncommon
- A biopsy may miss a small area, so a normal report is read along with the scan and symptoms. If symptoms continue, further tests, such as hysteroscopy, may be advised
- Not done if you are pregnant or have an active pelvic infection
How to prepare
- Book it for a day that suits your cycle, as advised
- Eat normally, and take the pain-relief medicine if advised
- Arrange a companion if you wish
- Tell us about blood-thinning medicines, allergies and any chance of pregnancy
When to get help straight away
Fever, heavy bleeding that soaks a pad every hour, severe pain, or foul-smelling discharge after a biopsy need urgent review. Call us, or go to the nearest hospital emergency.
FAQs
Is an endometrial biopsy painful?
You may feel menstrual-type cramps for a few minutes. Many women find it tolerable, especially with a pain-relief medicine beforehand. The procedure takes about 5 to 10 minutes, and cramps settle soon after. You can ask Dr. Swati to pause at any time.
Why do I need a biopsy if my scan is normal?
A scan shows the thickness of the lining but not what the cells look like. When bleeding is persistent, or you are at higher risk, a biopsy gives a definite answer that a scan cannot.
Does a biopsy mean I have cancer?
No. Most biopsies are done to rule out cancer or pre-cancer, and most results are benign. Hormonal effects, polyps and infection are common findings. If a problem is found, early detection makes treatment simpler.
Can I have a biopsy if I am trying to conceive?
Sometimes. Dr. Swati plans it in a cycle when pregnancy is not possible, or before a treatment cycle. Tell us if you are trying, so that the timing is right.
How long are the results?
Usually about a week, since the sample goes to a pathology laboratory. Dr. Swati explains the report and plans the next step at a follow-up visit.
How soon can I get back to normal activity?
Most women go back to work the same day. Avoid heavy exercise, baths, and intercourse for a day or two or as advised, to reduce infection risk. Light spotting is normal for a short while.
Sources
- ACOG Practice Bulletin: Diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive-aged women
- FIGO PALM-COEIN classification of abnormal uterine bleeding
- NICE Guideline NG88: Heavy menstrual bleeding
